UNCTAD ta yi nazari kan rikitattun abubuwan da ke haifar da karancin kwantena da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba da ke kawo cikas ga farfadowar kasuwanci, da kuma yadda za a kauce wa irin wannan yanayi a nan gaba.

 

Lokacin da Ever Given megaship ya toshe zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a cikin Suez Canal na kusan mako guda a cikin Maris, ya haifar da sabon hauhawar farashin kaya a cikin kwantena, wanda a ƙarshe ya fara daidaita daga mafi girman lokacin da aka kai yayin bala'in COVID-19.

Farashin jigilar kayayyaki wani babban bangare ne na tsadar cinikayya, don haka sabon hawan ya kara kawo wani karin kalubale ga tattalin arzikin duniya yayin da take fafutukar farfadowa daga mawuyacin halin da duniya ke ciki tun bayan matsin tattalin arziki.

Jan Hoffmann, shugaban reshen ciniki da dabaru na UNCTAD ya ce: “Al’amarin da ya faru ya tunatar da duniya yadda muke dogaro da jigilar kayayyaki."Kusan kashi 80% na kayan da muke amfani da su jiragen ruwa ne ke jigilar su, amma muna sauƙin mantawa da wannan."

Farashin kwantena yana da tasiri na musamman kan kasuwancin duniya, tunda kusan dukkanin kayayyakin da aka ƙera - waɗanda suka haɗa da tufafi, magunguna da kayan abinci da aka sarrafa - ana jigilar su cikin kwantena.

"Ripples za su bugi yawancin masu amfani," in ji Mista Hoffmann."Yawancin kasuwancin ba za su iya ɗaukar nauyin mafi girman farashin ba kuma za su mika su ga abokan cinikin su."

Wani sabon taƙaitaccen manufofin UNCTAD yayi nazarin dalilin da yasa farashin kaya ya hauhawa yayin bala'in da abin da dole ne a yi don guje wa irin wannan yanayin a nan gaba.

 

Taqaitaccen bayani: FEU, 40-ƙafa daidai naúrar;TEU, naúrar daidai ƙafa 20.

Source: Ƙididdigar UNCTAD, bisa bayanai daga Clarksons Research, Shipping Intelligence Network Time Series.

 

Karancin da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba

Sabanin abin da ake tsammani, buƙatun jigilar kaya ya ƙaru yayin bala'in, yana dawowa da sauri daga koma baya na farko.

"Canje-canje a yanayin amfani da siyayyar da cutar ta haifar, gami da karuwar kasuwancin lantarki, da matakan kulle-kullen, a zahiri sun haifar da karuwar buƙatun shigo da kayayyaki na ƙera kayan masarufi, babban ɓangaren abin da ake motsawa cikin kwantena na jigilar kaya," taƙaitaccen manufofin UNCTAD ya ce.

Kasuwancin teku ya kara karuwa yayin da wasu gwamnatoci suka sassauta kulle-kulle tare da amincewa da kunshin abubuwan kara kuzari na kasa, kuma kasuwancin sun taru a cikin sa ran sabbin bullar cutar.

"Ƙarin buƙatun ya fi ƙarfi fiye da yadda ake tsammani kuma ba a sadu da isassun wadatar jigilar kayayyaki ba," in ji taƙaitaccen manufofin UNCTAD, yana mai ƙara da cewa ƙarancin kwantena na gaba "ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba."

"Masu jigilar kaya, tashar jiragen ruwa da masu jigilar kaya duk sun yi mamaki," in ji shi."An bar akwatunan da ba a buƙata a wuraren da ba a buƙatar su, kuma ba a shirya sake sanya su ba."

Abubuwan da ke haifar da rikitarwa suna da rikitarwa kuma sun haɗa da canza tsarin kasuwanci da rashin daidaituwa, sarrafa iya aiki ta dillalai a farkon rikicin da ci gaba da jinkirin da ke da alaƙa da COVID-19 a wuraren haɗin sufuri, kamar tashar jiragen ruwa.

Ƙididdigar yankuna masu tasowa sun yi tashin gwauron zabi

Tasiri kan farashin kaya ya kasance mafi girma a kan hanyoyin kasuwanci zuwa yankuna masu tasowa, inda masu amfani da kasuwanci ba za su iya samun komai ba.

A halin yanzu, farashin zuwa Kudancin Amurka da yammacin Afirka ya fi na kowane yanki na kasuwanci.A farkon shekarar 2021, alal misali, farashin kaya daga China zuwa Kudancin Amurka ya tashi da kashi 443 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da kashi 63 cikin 100 akan hanyar da ke tsakanin Asiya da Gabashin Gabashin Amurka.

Wani bangare na bayanin ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa hanyoyi daga China zuwa kasashe a Kudancin Amurka da Afirka suna da tsayi.Ana buƙatar ƙarin jiragen ruwa don sabis na mako-mako akan waɗannan hanyoyin, ma'ana yawancin kwantena suma suna "mako" akan waɗannan hanyoyin.

"Lokacin da kwantena babu kowa, mai shigo da kaya a Brazil ko Najeriya dole ne ya biya ba kawai don jigilar cikakken kwantenan shigo da kaya ba har ma da kayan da ke rike da kudin kwantena," in ji sanarwar.

Wani abu kuma shi ne rashin jigilar kaya.Kasashen Kudancin Amurka da yammacin Afirka suna shigo da kayayyaki da aka sarrafa fiye da yadda suke fitarwa, kuma yana da tsada ga dillalai su mayar da kwalaye marasa komai zuwa kasar Sin a kan dogayen hanyoyi.

Yadda za a guje wa ƙarancin nan gaba

Don taimakawa wajen rage yiwuwar faruwar irin wannan yanayi a nan gaba, taƙaitaccen manufofin UNCTAD, ya yi tsokaci kan batutuwa guda uku da ke buƙatar kulawa: inganta sauye-sauyen harkokin kasuwanci, inganta sa ido da hasashen cinikin teku, da ƙarfafa hukumomin gasar kasa da kasa.

Na farko, masu tsara manufofi na bukatar aiwatar da gyare-gyare don saukaka harkokin kasuwanci da kuma rage tsadar kayayyaki, wadanda da yawa daga cikinsu suna cikin yarjejeniyar Gudanar da Kasuwanci ta Duniya.

Ta hanyar rage hulɗar jiki tsakanin ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki, irin waɗannan gyare-gyare, waɗanda suka dogara da sabunta hanyoyin kasuwanci, za su kuma sa sarƙoƙin samar da ƙarfi ya fi ƙarfin gaske da kuma kare ma'aikata mafi kyau.

Jim kadan bayan barkewar COVID-19, UNCTAD ta ba da wani tsari mai maki 10 don ci gaba da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa, bude tashoshin jiragen ruwa da kasuwanci da ke gudana yayin bala'in.

Kungiyar ta kuma hada karfi da karfe da kwamitocin shiyya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya domin taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa cikin hanzari wajen gudanar da irin wadannan sauye-sauye da magance kalubalen kasuwanci da sufuri da annobar ta bayyana.

Na biyu, masu tsara manufofi suna buƙatar haɓaka gaskiya da ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa tare da hanyoyin samar da ruwa don inganta yadda ake kula da kiran tashar jiragen ruwa da jadawalin layin layi.

Kuma dole ne gwamnatoci su tabbatar da hukumomin gasar suna da albarkatu da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata don bincika abubuwan da za su iya haifar da cin zarafi a cikin masana'antar jigilar kaya.

Duk da cewa yanayin barkewar cutar shine tushen karancin kwantena, wasu dabaru na dillalai na iya jinkirta sake sanya kwantena a farkon rikicin.

Bayar da kulawar da ya dace ya fi zama ƙalubale ga hukumomi a ƙasashe masu tasowa, waɗanda galibi ba su da albarkatu da ƙwarewa a cikin jigilar kwantena na ƙasa da ƙasa.